ñka fmr ljodj;a ch.%dyS mlaIhla ish ;=jd, fuf,i wdrlaIdldÍ f,i f,jld ke;' ñka fmr ljodj;a mrdo jqKq md¾Ijh ;u mrdch yuqfõ fuf,iska m%S;su;a ù o ke;' W!j m<df;a ue;sjrKh tla wdldrhlska fkdj" wdldr /ilska wkd.;hg jeo.;a f,i n,mdkq we;' flfia kuq;a" igkla iuÛ wdmiq ;u mlaIh f.k tau fjkqfjka" ;reK yÍka m%kdkaÿg jeä m%ixYdj ysñ úh hq;=h' foaYmd,k ljhka ;=, W!j m<d;a ue;sjrK m%;sM,h ms<sn| idlÉPd .ek lú we;
wdrïN lsÍug W!j-fj,a,iai" l=Uqre bvï ish oyia .Kkl NQñh" lkao Wvrg OdkHd.dr rdcOdksh" ksoyia igkalrejkaf.a /ljrKh hk kduhkaf.ka lú we;' fuu 1817 W!j le/,a, n%s;dkH md,khg tfrysj reÿre f,i l%shd;au flrùug fya;= jQfha• ke.sàu uevmj;aùu" hg;a úð; md,kfhka .ïudk úh<S hdu" mYqiïm; yd wlalr .Kka l=Uqre yd jdßud¾. moaO;s úkdY ùu hk ldrKd tu m%foaY j, isá wNsudkS ñksiqkaf.a yoj;a ;=,g ldje§u ksidh' W!j fj,a,iafia ta fmr ;snQ uysuh kej; lsisod m%;sIaGdmkh fkdjqk;a" tys ck;dj Y%S ,xld b;sydifha ksoyi fjkqfjka wdÈ;u wr.,hla l< Yla;su;a" ks¾NS;" yd m%;Hdia: ùrhka f,i b;sydifhau je<,S f.dia we;'
jir .Kkdjla mqrdjgu ue;sjrK igkska mrdchg m;ajqKq rfÜ m%Odk úmlaIhg oeka chf>daId ke.Sug idOlhla bmso we;s w;r" Tjqka wr ùfrdaodr wd;au ixfla;kh lrkafkah'
m<uq fjä uqrh- Y%S ,xldj ;=, wêrdcHjd§ md,kh wjidkfha fyda mrdcdhg m;a lsÍfuys,d ksoyi fjkqfjka Èh;a jqKq m%:u wr.,hla jir 200hlg muK fmr W!j fj,a,iafia uq¿ wiafika wefikakg úh' tu ùr wd;au kej; m%d.+kah lrñka" tu ksoyi yd hqla;sh i|yd jQ is;a fõokdj we;sj" taldêm;s md,khla jQ uyskao rdcmlaI md,kh iuh wjika lsÍfuys,d jQ mru igk W!j m<df;ka werôks' fï nj talai;a cd;sl mlaIh ue;sjrKfhka miq ;u m%S;su;a m%ldYkfha bßod Wfoa i|yka lrk ,§'
40]la jQ udkisl iSudj miq lsÍu muKla talai;a cd;sl mlaIhg ùÈj, kgkakg fya;+ úh' miq.sh ue;sjrK j,§" ÿ¾j, wfmalaIlhka hgf;a 35]fya iSudj w;a lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ w;r wjika m%;sM,fha§ th 22])28] w;r iSudj hdka;ñka miq lf<ah' md,k mlaIafha m%n, n,fldgqjla jk fudKrd.,o we;=,;a jk W!j m<d; lsis Èfkl úmlaIafha fi,a,ïmsáhla jk njg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdùh' W!j m<df;a wkfmalaIs; ióm igfka jeä m%ixYdj ysñjkafka mlaIfha nÿ,af,ka igkg bÈßm;a jqKq ;reK yÍka m%kdkaÿghs'
t<fnk jif¾ meje;aùug ;snQ ue;sjrKfha§ ikaOdkfha n,fldgqjla jk W!j m<df;a ñY%diajdoh we;s ch.%ykh fjkqfjka rcfha idudðlhska wdrlaIdldÍ m%ldY bÈßm;a l< w;r" ikaOdkhg ,enQ wvq Pkao m%udKh fjkqfjka Tjqka m%ldYs; uq¿ Pkao m%udKfha wvq njg ^76]& fodia mejÍh'
nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha§ yÍka m%kdkaÿg ,enqKq úYd, iyh ksid lsmqKq rch úiska iuyr fm!oa.,sl rEmjdyskS kd,sld j,g tfia yÍka m%kdkaÿg iyh ,efnk fia foaYmd,k jevigyka úldYkh lsÍu .ek fldamYS,S ÿrl;k weu;=ï ,nd ÿkafkah' tu ÿrl;k weu;=ï rcfha by,u ia:dk j,ska ,enqKq tajdh' fufia ue;sjrKhg fmr yÍka m%kdkaÿg jeä m%uqL;ajhla ,nd§u fya;=fldg f.k tla jevigyka ksIamdolfhl=f.a fyda jev ;ykï lsÍug bv ;snqKs'
ì;a;sh u; f,aLkh- W!j ue;sjrK jHdmdrfha wjidk Èkhkays md,l mlaIhg tu m<df;a mßydKshg hñka ;snqKq ;u jdikdj .ek wjfndaO úh' ckm;s uyskao rdcmlaI fjfyi fkdn,d l< m%pdrK lghq;=;a" meje;ajQ wiSñ; l=vd /iaùï yd wdrïN flreKq kj ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s yuqfõ§;a fï mßydKsh l%ufhka we;súh' fï fya;+ka ksidu" ue;sjrKhg Èk ;=kl fmr tlai;a ck;d ksidyia ikaOdkh úÿ,s .dia;= yd bkaOk ñ, lmd oeóug fm<UqKs' nÿ,a, yd fudKrd., Èia;%slal j, l=ms; jqKq talai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdk wdOdrlrejka" ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa yd tlai;a cd;sl mdlaIslhskaf.a ksfjia j,g yd jdydk j,g myr §u werUqfõh' fuh jir .Kkdjlg miq we;sjqKq m%pKavdldÍu ue;sjrK jHdl+,;djhls'
fikiqrdod mej;s ue;sjrKfha§ tlai;a cd;sl mlaIhg Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu ksid nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha uqia,sï ck;djf.a ksfjia j,g f.dia tys /¢úhkag rchg iyfhda.h olajk f,i md¾Ijhka ;¾ckh l< nj yÍka m%kdkaÿ fpdaokd lf<ah'
m%Odk úmlaIhg jdis fjk wkaoñka" uqia,sï m%cdj jeä jYfhka isák m%foaY j, Pkao uOHia:dk b;d m%n, f,i ia:dmkh lr ;snqKs' Y%S ,xld uqia,sï fldx.%ih yd ßIdâ n;shãkaf.a wys, b,xf.hs uyck fldx.%ih tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkfhka fjkaù tlaj ;rÛ lf<ah' Bg fya;=j f;areï .ekSu wmyiq ldrHhla fkdfõ' miq.sh ld,h ;=, nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha wd.ñl wd;;shla mej;s w;r W!j ue;sjrKfha§ hdka;ñka lghq;= l< Y%S ,xld uqia,sï fldx.%ih yd wys, b,xf.hs uyck fldx.%ih rcfha fldgialrejka f,ig uqia,sï m%cdj ye¢kaùh'
fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ foaYmd,k tallh úiska iïmdokh l< yd Èkm;d mqj;am;a úiska oel ;snQ fpdaokd ,;a nqoaê wxY jd¾;d nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha tlia;a cd;sl mlaIfha ch.%ykhla m%ldY lr ;snqKs' flfia kuq;a" tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkh tys ;u ch mqfrdal:kh lr ;snqKs' talai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkh Èia;%slal folu r|jd .ekSug iu;a jQ kuq;a" ue;sjrKh i;shlg fmr bÈßm;a jqKq tu jd¾;dj jerÈ úh'
W!fjka bf.k .;a mdvu- W!j ue;sjrKfhka fndfyduhla foa idlaId;a úh' fmdÿfõ mej;s u;h l=ula jQj;a" talai;a cd;sl mlaIh uq¿ukskau Pkao mokï Odjkfhka bj;aj f.dia ke;s nj th fmkajd ÿkafkah' tu mlaIhg kej; m%;sixialrKh ù kej; m%dKj;a ù Y%S ,xldfõ Pkao odhlhskaf.a m%Odk ;rÛlrefjla f,i mej;Sfï yelshdj we;' Bg wu;rj" fï ue;sjrKh ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla ikd: lrk ,§' ta" wêldÍ Oqrh .ek ck;d úYajdih ke;sfjk úg" Tjqka jvd;a h:d¾:jd§ úl,am wdKavqj foig yefrk w;r iq¿ mlaI j,g n,h ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj u. yefrk njhs'
W!j m<df;a tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh úiska w;a lr .;a jdis talai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkhg ixLHd;aul jYfhka ;¾ckhla t,a, lsÍug wu;rj" wkd.; cd;sl ue;sjrKfha§ úmlaIhg tu úmlaIfha lD;H uekúka bgq l< hq;= njgo idlaId;a lrk ,§' foaYmd,k ksÍlaIlhka w;r ìhla mj;skafka" fï ch.%ykh yuqfõ tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh cd;sl ue;sjrKhla oekauu ch.%ykh lr we;s wdldrfhka yeisÍ ish¿ wkd.; yjq,alrejka úrisl lr wkai;= lrdúo hkakhs'
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W!j Pkao ixLHd;hka fmkajd fokafka" md,k ikaOdkh iu. we;s igk b;d WKqiqïldÍ jk w;r ;ud i;=j we;s wiSñ; iïm;a yuqfõ tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkhg hï fyda jdishla we;s njhs' tlg úmlaIh m%;sfrdaOh olajk w;r" ;ks tlia;a cd;sl mlaIh ;u b,a,lalhg iq¿ fyda m%;sY;hla wvq lr .kq we;s'
wuq;= wdldrfhka fyda me;a;lg nr fï úch.%ykh ljuodjlj;a ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g whs;s fkdfõ' yÍka m%kdkaÿ;a fï nj blaukskau ms<s.kakd we;s' yÍka m%kdkaÿf.a we;=,;a ùu;a iu.u tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ìï uÜgfï ixúOdk kej; mK .ekaúKs' ;shqKq ;rÛhlska hqla; jqKq nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha ue;sjrK /iaùï weu;Su i|yd tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha md¾,sfïka;= uka;aÍjreka tla/ia úh' rks,a úl%uisxy úiska tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ksfhdacH kdhlhd f,i ;u m%Odk i;=rd f,iska yefÛk ið;a fma%uodi kï lrk ,§' ue;sjrK m%pdrKhg tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh isysfkka j;a fkdis;+ uqo,a /iaúKs'
mqj;am;a WoaOrKh- zzyÍka m%kdkaÿf.a oejeka; ckm%sh;ajh we;sùug fya;=j jQfha W!j igkska tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh ,enQ f.!rjdkaú; mrdchhs' tu ;SrKd;aul ;shqKq ;rÛfha fjkialrejd jQfha yÍka m%kdkaÿh' tlai;a cd;sl mdlaIslhkaf.a weiska" yÍka m%kdkaÿ ;u ysi fl,ska ;ndf.k isxy l=áhg we;=¿ jqKq w;r" ;u mlaIh fjkqfjka l< lem lsÍfuka nenf<kakg úh' l;dkaor fmd;a yd foaYmd,kfha§" iefjdu lemlsÍu lrk ùrhkag wdorh lrhs' yÍka m%kdkaÿf.a ckm%shNdjh wyig ke.=Kq w;r" mlaIfha f–IaGhska mejiQfõ yÍkaf.a ;rÛ lsÍu tu m%foaYfha ;reK msßia úYsIaG wkaoñka cx.kh l< njhs' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh jir .Kkdjla mqrdjg fkdoel ;snQ kejqï úYajdihla yÍka m%kdkaÿ we;slrk l§' th ue;sjrK jHdmdr lghq;= lrkakkag yd Pkao odhslhskag m%n, Yla;shla úhZZ'
yÍka idOlh- wjidkfha § flfia fj;;a" W!j fj,a,iai m%foaYfha tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh miq.sh fikiqrdod w;alr .;a ft;sydisl jdishg m%Odk jYfhka n,mEfõ ,yÍka idOlhhs,' m<d;a iNd ue;sjrkhl§ yÍka .sh .uk hdug tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha fndfyda fofkla miqng úh' l<lg fmr isgu idlÉPdjg Ndckh jqKq lreKla jQfha" m<d;a ue;sjrKh ch.%ykh lsÍu i|yd M,odhS Wml%uhla f,i m%isoaO uka;%Sjreka ;rÛhg bÈßm;a lsÍuhs' rcfha wiSñ; iïm;a" n,h yd ljqre;a y÷kk uqyqKq bÈßm;a lsÍug tfrysj fï Wml%uh fhdod .eKsks' flfia kuq;a" fuu fhdackdj niakdysr iy ol=Kq m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfha§ wiu;a úh' fï fya;+ka ksidu tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha WmdhYS,Skag ckdêm;s fyda md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKh i|yd Yla;su;a ;rÛlrejka wjYH jQ w;r tys§ yÍka m%kdkaÿf.a m%fõYh ;yjre lf<ah'
m<d;a úmlaI kdhl lu fjkqfjka ;u md¾,sfïka;= mqgqj lemlsÍu by, tlai;a cd;sl mlaI ;rÛlrejkag wñysß úh' ta" jev weog .sfhd;a kej; j;djla ;udg md,sfïka;=jg taug wjia;dj ke;sfõoehs hk ielh Tjqkg ;snQ ksidhs' jeä msßilg jvd ;ud ,yoj;skau fld,, hehs mjid .kakd ið;a fma%uodi j;a ta wjOdku .eksug bÈßm;a fkdùh' ud¾;= ui ue;sjrKfha§ Tyq tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ol=Kq uy weu;s wfmalaIlhd f,i ;rÛ jeãug bÈßm;a úh'
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍuhs• m<uq Pkao m%ldY lsÍug fndfyda l,lg fmr" yÍka m%kdkaÿ ;u mlaIh fjkqfjka úYsIaG úchla.%ykhla w;alr § ;snqKs' jir .Kkdjlg fkdÿgq ixúOdkhla yd oDYH;djla tlai;a cd;sl mlaI ue;sjrK jHdmdrfha idlaId;a úh' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh nÿ,a, Èia;%slalfha m%Odk Pkao fldÜGdY 3la ch.%ykh l< w;r iq¿ Pkao m%udKhlska foll mrdchg m;aúh' md,k mlaIhg oeä f,i we,aula olajk isxy,)fn!oaOhska fjfik m<d;lska 40]la w;alr .ekSug tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh iu;a úKs' fuu m%:sM,fhka md,l mlaIh fooreï lE w;r udi lSmhlska meje;aùug kshñ; ckdêm;sjrKh ms<sn|j;a ielhla we;s lf<ah'
;u ldrH idOlh t;rï wdr¾I”h fkdjqkd kï" yÍka m%kdkaÿ we;=¿ tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha ;reK ;rÛlrejka W!j m<df;a ld¾h t,h .ek wdLHdkh lsÍug bv ;snqKs'
.ïmy Èia;%sla md¾,sfïka;= uka;%S iy tlai;a cd;sl mlaI cd;sl fhdjqka fmruqfKa iNdm;s jk rejka úchj¾Ok" läuqäfha wÛyrejdod Tyqf.a ksjfia§ udOH yuqjla le|jQ w;r tÈku iji mlaIfha ;SrKd;aul lñgq /iaùulao meje;aùug kshñ;j ;snqKs' rejka úchj¾Ok udOH jd¾;dlrejkag mjid isáfha" ;u ñ;=rd jk yÍka m%kdkaÿg ud¾.h mdod §u i|yd ;ud fhdjqka fmruqfKa iNdm;s f,ig my< hk njhs' mej;s ue;sjrKfha§ yÍka l< lem lsÍu yd Ôú; mQcdj i<lk úg yÍka m%kdkaÿ tu ;K;=rg jvd;a iqÿiq njhs Tyq mejiQfõ'
talai;a cd;sl mlaIfha kdhl idudðlfhla yd mlaIfha fhdjqka fiakdxlfhka iNdm;s jQ úf–j¾Okï ish leue;af;kau W!j m<df;a .sks f.dvg fkdìhj weúo .sh yÍka m%kdkaÿ yg ish,a, ,nd §ug leue;s úh' fï udOH yuqj ryis.;j isßfld;g msáka mej;s w;r Bg fya;=j jQfha Tyqf.a b,a,d wiaùu mlaI kdhl;ajhg wdrxÑ fkdùughs'
mqj;am;a WoaOrKh- ;u ;K;=re ;E.s lsÍu yd kej; ,nd .ekSu fï ;reK foaYmd,k{hska ;=, jQ wiydh ,laIKhls' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha jeä msßila ;u md¾,sfïka;= ;;ajh wdrlaId lr .ekSug lghq;= l< wjêhl§ fï fofokd l< fï ldrHh lemS fmkqKs' úchj¾Ok nÿ,a, igfka wjidkh olajdu yÍka iu.u isáfhah' yÍkaf.a m%Odk k.r j, mej;s /<s i|yd;a uOHu rd;%sh miqfjk ;=reu úchj¾Ok /£ isáfhah' wjika m%:sM, ksl=;a jqKq úg;a Tyq yÍkaj ksjig werÆfõh' fï iïnkaO;djh tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha wkd.;hg kj ixl,amhla tla l< w;r foaYmd,k ixialD;sh;a fjkia lf<ah,'
wU hd¿fjda• ,;u kdhlhd ;u b,a,d wiaùug wjirh ,nd fkdfok nj oek isá rejka" ;u ksjfia ryis.;j udOH yuqj meje;ajQ, nj yÍka Bfha isßfldf;a§ meje;s ;u udOH yuqfõ§ mjid isáfhah'
flfia kuq;a" yÍka ;udg wÛyrejdod msßkeuqKq ;K;=r Ndr .ekSu m%;sfIam lf<ah' rejka" fhdjqka fmruqfKa kdhl;ajh È.gu oeßh hq;= nj mejiQ yÍka" wvqu jYfhka rejka ;u ksfhdacHd jYfhka fyda fofokdu ;K;=r iuj fno .; hq;= nj yÍka mejiqfõh' ,Tyq md¾,sfïka;=fõ uf.a fyd|u ñ;=rd jk w;r Tyq uy;aud .;s we;af;l= jk neúka fuu ;K;=r rejkaf.ka ;udg .; fkdyels nj, yÍka jd¾;dlrejkag Bfha mjid isáfhah' ,wms tlg jev l< hq;=hs, yÍka mejiqfõh'
;u ;K;=re ;E.s lsÍu yd kej; ,nd .ekSu fï ;reK foaYmd,k{hska ;=, jQ wiydh ,laIKhls' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha jeä msßila ;u md¾,sfïka;= ;;ajh wdrlaId lr .ekSug lghq;= l< wjêhl§ fï fofokd l< fï ldrHh lemS fmkqKs' úchj¾Ok nÿ,a, igfka wjidkh olajdu yÍka iu.u isáfhah' yÍkaf.a m%Odk k.r j, mej;s /<s i|yd;a uOHu rd;%sh miqfjk ;=reu úchj¾Ok /£ isáfhah' wjika m%:sM, ksl=;a jqKq úg;a Tyq yÍkaj ksjig werÆfõh' fï iïnkaO;djh tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha wkd.;hg kj ixl,amhla tla l< w;r foaYmd,k ixialD;sh;a fjkia lf<ah'
;r. ;SrKfha fjkialrejd- l%slÜ ;rÛhl§ idudkHfhka ;rÛfha ùrhdg ysñ iïudkh msÈkafka" ;u lKavdhu úchla.%ykh lrd /f.k .sh ch .;a msf<a ;rÛlrefjl=gh' flfia kuq;a" iuyr wjia;d j," ;u lKavdhu fjkqfjka l< wiydh lemlsÍu yd fiajh fjkqjka meyeÈ<sju mrdð; lKavdhfï g ;rÛlrefjl=jqjo ;Srlhka úiska tu iïudkh fokq ,nhs'
mqj;am;a WoaOrKh• ,40]la jQ udkisl iSudj miq lsÍu muKla talai;a cd;sl mlaIhg ùÈj, kgkakg fya;+ úh' miq.sh ue;sjrK j,§" ÿ¾j, wfmalaIlhka hgf;a 35]fya iSudj w;a lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ w;r wjika m%;sM,fha§ th 22]-28] w;r iSudj hdka;ñka miq lf<ah' md,k mlaIafha m%n, n,fldgqjla jk fudKrd.,o we;=,;a jk W!j m<d; lsis Èfkl úmlaIafha fi,a,ïmsáhla jk njg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdùh' W!j m<df;a wkfmalaIs; ióm igfka jeä m%ixYdj ysñjkafka mlaIfha nÿ,af,ka igkg bÈßm;a jqKq ;reK yÍka m%kdkaÿghs'
l%slÜ l%Svdj i|yd Wïuka;l cd;shla f,iska" Y%S ,dxlslhskag mrdð; lKvdhfï fyda wiSñ; lem lsÍula l< ;rÛlrefjl= we.hSfï Odß;dj we;' l;dkaor fmd;a yd foaYmd,kfha§" iefjdu lemlsÍu lrk ùrhkag wdorh lrhs' yÍka m%kdkaÿf.a ckm%shNdjh wyig ke.=Kq w;r" mlaIfha f–IaGhska mejiQfõ yÍkaf.a ;rÛ lsÍu tu m%foaYfha ;reK msßia úYsIaG wkaoñka cx.kh l< njhs' tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh jir .Kkdjla mqrdjg fkdoekl ;snQ kejqï úYajdihla yÍka m%kdkaÿ we;slrk l§' th ue;sjrK jHdmdr lghq;= lrkakkag yd Pkao odhslhskag m%n, Yla;shla úh'
yÍka fï jk úg;a úYd, foaYmd,k ksmqK;ajhla w;alr f.k we;' yÍka m%kdkaÿg l<ukdlrKh lsÍug we;s j.lSug wu;rj" Tyq flfrys wka whg we;sfjk B¾Ishdjka ;=, ießieÍu i|yd foaYmd,k jYfhka mßK; Ndjho wjYHjkq we;s' ,nd we;s m%isoaO;ajh yuqfõ bÈßhg hdu i|yd Tyqg f–IaG foaYmd,k{hskaf.a u. fmkaùuo wjYH fjkq we;s' fmdfrdka÷ j,ska msß wkd.;hla Tyqg we;' flfia kuq;a fuys§ we;sfjk m%Yakh jkafka" ;u foaYmd,k oeKqu jeä lr .ksñka bÈßhg hdug yÍkag yelshdj we;so hkakhs' flfia kuq;a" jhi 34la jqKq yÍka" m%Odk foaYmd,k iQÿjl j.lSu ;ud u;g oud .;af;ah' tf,iskau" Tyq jrla tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha jfrl jQ w;S; wNsudkh isysm;a lrñka wkd.;hgo úYsIaG úYajdikSh Ndjhla yd wruqKla tla lf<ah'
